On November 20, 1969, a group of 89 Native Americansâmost of them young activists in their twenties, led by Richard Oakes, LaNada Means, and othersâcrossed San Francisco Bay under the cover of darkness. They called themselves the âIndians of All Tribes.â Their objective was to occupy the abandoned prison on Alcatraz Island (âThe Rockâ), a mile and a half across the treacherous waters. Under the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie between the US and the Lakota tribe, all retired, abandoned, or out-of-use federal land was supposed to be returned to the Indigenous peoples who once occupied it. As Alcatraz penitentiary was closed by that point, activists sought to reclaim that land, and more broadly, bring greater attention to the lies and injustices of the federal government when it came to Indian policy.
Their initial success resulted in international attention to Native American rights and the continuing presence of present-day Indigenous peoples, who refused to accept being treated as a âvanishing race.â Over the protestorsâ 19-month occupation, one key way of raising awareness to issues in Native life was through Radio Free Alcatraz, which touched on: the forced loss of ancestral lands, contaminated water supply on reservations, sharp disparities in infant mortality and life expectancy among Native Americans compared to statistics in white communities, and many other inequalities.
From acclaimed Abenaki childrenâs book legend Joseph Bruchac, this middle-grade nonfiction book tells the riveting story of that 1969 takeover, which inspired a whole generation of Native activists and ignited the modern American Indian Movement. The Occupation of Alcatraz had a direct effect on federal Indian policy and, with its visible results, established a precedent for Indian activism.
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Creators
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Publisher
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Release date
September 26, 2023 -
Formats
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Kindle Book
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OverDrive Read
- ISBN: 9781647004293
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EPUB ebook
- ISBN: 9781647004293
- File size: 13033 KB
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Languages
- English
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Reviews
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